ZF will supply its latest steer-by-wire system for Nio’s flagship ET9 SUV, marking a significant advancement in electric vehicle steering technology.
The system includes a steering wheel actuator, steering gear actuator, and specialized software from the German technology group.
The ET9’s steering system operates without mechanical linkage between the steering wheel and front wheels — a key feature of modern software-defined vehicles that manage operations through digital controls.
ZF’s Chassis Solutions Division, formed in early 2024, oversees the company’s electronic steering, braking, and damping systems portfolio. These components integrate with ZF’s cubiX software to enable software-defined vehicle capabilities.
The steer-by-wire system uses a mechatronic actuator to transmit steering inputs. A cabin-mounted steering wheel actuator with rotation sensors controls steering commands, while an electric drive — the torque feedback unit — creates road feel for drivers. The system automatically adjusts steering ratios based on vehicle speed and driving conditions.
“We are supplying customers with the steering system of the future,” said Dr. Peter Holdmann, ZF board member and Chassis Solutions Division head. “Thanks to our production-ready steer-by-wire system, we are launching the era of the software-defined vehicle.”
“At Nio, we are committed to delivering groundbreaking innovations that redefine the driving experience,” said Danilo Teobaldi, NIO’s principal chief engineer. “Our collaboration with ZF is a testament to our ambition to set new industry benchmarks.”
ZF reports an additional order from an unnamed global manufacturer for five million brake-by-wire systems, with European customers also placing orders for the technology.
The ET9 SUV, positioned to compete with the BMW i7 and Mercedes EQS SUV, launched in China at 788,000 yuan (£71,000) to 818,000 yuan (£90,000). Its First Edition, limited to 999 units, sold out within 24 hours.
Nio hasn’t announced European pricing or availability for the ET9.
